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<p><a href="http://www.parabolagnulinux.org/download/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Nos novos dispositivos de instalación 2012.07.15</a>, xa non se usa o AIF —o programa de instalación de Parabola: <i>Parabola Installation Framework</i>—. No seu lugar utilizanse <a href="https://github.com/falconindy/arch-install-scripts/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">os scripts de instalación de Parabola</a> para levala a cabo. Neste artigo resumese o proceso de instalación mediante ditos scripts. Os novos usuarios deberían botarlle un ollo a guía para principiantes:<a href="/index.php?title=Beginners%27_Guide_(Galego)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beginners' Guide (Galego) (page does not exist)">Beginners' Guide (Galego)</a>; elaborada expresamente para eles e que lles axudará a dar os primeros pasos en Parabola.
</p>
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Descarga"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Descarga</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Distribuci.C3.B3n_do_teclado"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Distribución do teclado</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Partici.C3.B3ns"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Particións</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Formatear_as_partici.C3.B3ns"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Formatear as particións</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Montar_as_partici.C3.B3ns"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Montar as particións</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Conexi.C3.B3n_a_internet"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Conexión a internet</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Conexi.C3.B3n_inal.C3.A1mbrica_por_Wi-Fi"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Conexión inalámbrica por Wi-Fi</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Instalaci.C3.B3n_do_sistema_base"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Instalación do sistema base</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Instalaci.C3.B3n_del_xestor_de_arranque"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Instalación del xestor de arranque</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#GRUB"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">GRUB</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Syslinux"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Syslinux</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Configuraci.C3.B3n_do_sistema"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Configuración do sistema</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Desmontar_partici.C3.B3ns_e_reiniciar"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Desmontar particións e reiniciar</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Configurar_pacman"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Configurar pacman</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Actualizar_o_sistema"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Actualizar o sistema</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Engadir_un_usuario"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Engadir un usuario</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Descarga"> Descarga </span></h2>
<p>Podese descargar a nova imaxe ISO de <a href="https://www.parabolagnulinux.org/download/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">a páxina de descarga de Parabola</a>.
</p>
<ul><li> Hay tan só unha imagen, en lugar de seis distintas, coas que se poden arrincar sistemas con aquitectura i686 e x86_64 para proceder coa instalación de Parabola a través da rede. Sen embargo, xa non se distribuen dispositivos que conteñan o repositorio [core].
</li><li> As imaxes de instalación veñen asinados cunha chave PGP e recomendase encarecidamente verificalas antes de utilizalas. En Parabola, esto podese facer executando <pre style="overflow: auto;">pacman-key -v <iso-file>.sig</pre>
</li><li> A imaxe podese grabar nun CD, utilizala montada como imaxe ISO ou pasala directamente a un dispositivo USB utilizando dd. Este sistema está pensado para instalacións novas. Unha instalación de Parabola existente podese actualizar sempre mediante o comando <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">pacman -Syu</span>.
</li></ul>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Distribuci.C3.B3n_do_teclado"> Distribución do teclado </span></h2>
<p>Hai configuracións do teclado dispoñibles para unha multitude de paises e tipos de teclado. Utilizando, por exemplo, o comando <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">loadkeys es</span> podese axustar a distribución do teclado desexada. Hai máis ficheiros de configuración do teclado a disposición dos usuarios. Estes atopanse en <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/usr/share/kbd/keymaps/</span> (non é necesario especificar a ruta nin a extensión de fichero cando se utiliza loadkeys).
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Partici.C3.B3ns"> Particións </span></h2>
<p>Consultar <a href="/Partitioning" title="Partitioning" class="mw-redirect">partitioning</a> para obter información más detallada sobre cómo realizar o particionado do disco duro.
</p><p>É importante recordar que hai que crear os dispositivos de bloques apilados —<i>stacked block devices</i>— como poden ser <a href="/index.php?title=Lvm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lvm (page does not exist)">LVM</a>, <a href="/Dm-crypt_with_LUKS" title="Dm-crypt with LUKS" class="mw-redirect">LUKS</a>, o <a href="/RAID" title="RAID">RAID</a>.
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Formatear_as_partici.C3.B3ns"> Formatear as particións </span></h2>
<p>Consultar <a href="https://wiki.parabolagnulinux.org/index.php/Format_a_device#Step_2:_create_the_new_file_system/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">esta sección sobre cómo formatear un dispositivo</a> para máis información.
</p><p>Se está utilizando (U)EFI —Interfaz Extensible del Firmware (Unificada)—, o máis probable é que precise outra partición para albergar a partición do sistema UEFI. Consultar <a href="https://wiki.parabolagnulinux.org/index.php/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface#Create_an_UEFI_System_Partition_in_Linux/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">este artículo</a> para máis información.
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Montar_as_partici.C3.B3ns"> Montar as particións </span></h2>
<p>O seguinte paso é montar a partición do sistema —root— en <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/mnt</span>. Hai que crear directorios tanto para root como para calquera outra partición (<span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/mnt/boot</span>, <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/mnt/home</span>, ...) se queremos que <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">genfstab</span> as recoñeza.
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Conexi.C3.B3n_a_internet"> Conexión a internet </span></h2>
<p>Se está conectado mediante cable ethernet, executando <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">dhclient</span> ou <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">dhcpcd</span> asignarasenos a dirección IP e, polo tanto, tenremos acceso a internet. Para máis información, consultar <a href="https://wiki.parabolagnulinux.org/index.php/Configuring_Network_%28Espa%C3%B1ol%29/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">configuring network</a>.
</p>
<h3> <span class="mw-headline" id="Conexi.C3.B3n_inal.C3.A1mbrica_por_Wi-Fi"> Conexión inalámbrica por Wi-Fi </span></h3>
<p>No caso de querer conectarse mediante Wi-Fi, consultar <a href="https://wiki.parabolagnulinux.org/index.php/Wireless_Setup_%28Espa%C3%B1ol%29/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Wireless Setup</a> e <a href="/Netcfg#Configuration" title="Netcfg" class="mw-redirect">Netcfg</a> para obter máis información sobre cómo configurar a conexión inalambrica.
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Instalaci.C3.B3n_do_sistema_base"> Instalación do sistema base </span></h2>
<p>Antes de proceder coa instalación, é recomendable editar o ficheiro <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span> para especificar o mirror (servidor réplica) que máis vos conveña. Esta copia do ficheiro mirrorlist será a que se vai a instalar mediante <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">pacstrap</span> polo que vale a pena facer isto.
</p><p>Có script <a href="https://github.com/falconindy/arch-install-scripts/blob/master/pacstrap.in" class="external text" rel="nofollow">pacstrap</a> instalaremos o sistema base. O grupo de paquetes <i>base-devel</i> debe instalarse se ten pensado compilar software a través de <a href="https://wiki.parabolagnulinux.org/index.php/Parabola_User_Repository_%28Espa%C3%B1ol%29/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">AUR</a> ou utilizando <a href="https://wiki.parabolagnulinux.org/index.php/Parabola_Build_System_%28Espa%C3%B1ol%29/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">ABS</a>.
</p>
<pre># pacstrap /mnt base base-devel
</pre>
<p>podense instalar outros paquetes, como por exemplo o xestor de arranque, engadindo os seus nomes ao comando anterior —e separándolos con espazos—.
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Instalaci.C3.B3n_del_xestor_de_arranque"> Instalación del xestor de arranque </span></h2>
<h3> <span class="mw-headline" id="GRUB"> <a href="/GRUB2" title="GRUB2">GRUB</a> </span></h3>
<ul><li> Para BIOS:
</li></ul>
<pre># pacstrap /mnt grub-bios
</pre>
<ul><li> Para EFI (en ocasións excepcionais será necesario instalar <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">grub-efi-i386</span> no seguinte lugar):
</li></ul>
<pre># pacstrap /mnt grub-efi-x86_64
</pre>
<ul><li> Instalar GRUB despois de facer chroot (consultar a sección <a href="#Configuraci.C3.B3n_del_sistema">Configuración del sistema</a>).
</li></ul>
<h3> <span class="mw-headline" id="Syslinux"> <a href="/Syslinux" title="Syslinux">Syslinux</a> </span></h3>
<pre># pacstrap /mnt syslinux
</pre>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Configuraci.C3.B3n_do_sistema"> Configuración do sistema </span></h2>
<p>Xerar un ficheiro <a href="/Fstab" title="Fstab">fstab</a> co seguinte comando (se se quiere utilizar UUIDs ou etiquetas, hai que especificar as opcións <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">-U</span> ou <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">-L</span> respectivamente):
</p>
<pre># genfstab -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
</pre>
<p>A continuación facemos <a href="/Chroot" title="Chroot" class="mw-redirect">chroot</a> ao sistema que acabamos de instalar:
</p>
<pre># arch-chroot /mnt
</pre>
<ul><li> Introducimos o nombre do host en <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/etc/hostname</span>.
</li></ul>
<ul><li> Creamos un enlace simbólico de <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/etc/localtime</span> a <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/usr/share/zoneinfo/Zona/SubZona</span>. Hai que substituir <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">Zona</span> e <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">Subzona</span> de acordo coas nosas preferencias. Por exemplo:
</li></ul>
<pre># ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Madrid /etc/localtime
</pre>
<ul><li> Establecemos <a href="https://wiki.parabolagnulinux.org/index.php/Locale#Setting_system-wide_locale" class="external text" rel="nofollow">a configuración do idioma do sistema</a> en <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/etc/locale.conf</span>.
</li></ul>
<ul><li> Descomentamos o idioma do sistema elixido en <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/etc/locale.gen</span> gen e xeramos mediante <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">locale-gen</span>.
</li><li> Configuramos <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/etc/mkinitcpio.conf</span> de acordo coas nosas necesidades (consultar <a href="/Mkinitcpio" title="Mkinitcpio">mkinitcpio</a> para máis información) e creamos unha unidad RAM inicial executando:
</li></ul>
<pre># mkinitcpio -p linux
</pre>
<ul><li> Para configurar o xestor de arranque deberemos instalalo na MBR e xerar o grub.cfg ejecutando:
</li></ul>
<pre># grub-install /dev/sdX
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
</pre>
<ul><li> Establecemos unha chave de administrador —root— con: <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">passwd</span>.
</li></ul>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Desmontar_partici.C3.B3ns_e_reiniciar"> Desmontar particións e reiniciar </span></h2>
<p>Se esta todavía no entorno chroot, executamos <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">exit</span> ou presionamos <span style="border: 0.25em solid; border-color: #DDD #BBB #BBB #DDD; background: #EEE; padding: 0.10em 0.40em; margin: 0.10em; white-space: nowrap; min-width: 1em; display: inline-block; text-align: center">Ctrl+D</span> para sair del. Anterior mente montamos as particiones en <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/mnt</span>. Neste paso, vamos a desmontalas:
</p>
<pre># umount /mnt/{boot,home,}
</pre>
<p>Agora reinicie e logo inicie sesión no novo sistema coa conta de root.
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Configurar_pacman"> Configurar pacman </span></h2>
<p>Edite o ficheiro <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/etc/pacman.conf</span> e configure as opcións de pacman, tamén habilite os repositorios que necesite.
</p><p>Consulte <a href="/Pacman" title="Pacman" class="mw-redirect">Pacman</a> e <a href="/Official_Repositories" title="Official Repositories">Official Repositories</a> para máis detalles.
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Actualizar_o_sistema"> Actualizar o sistema </span></h2>
<p>En este punto debese actualizar o sistema.
</p><p>Consulte <a href="/Pacman#Upgrading_packages" title="Pacman" class="mw-redirect">Upgrading packages</a> para obter instrucións.
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Engadir_un_usuario"> Engadir un usuario </span></h2>
<p>Por último, engada un usuario normal, como se describe en <a href="/Users_and_Groups#User_management" title="Users and Groups" class="mw-redirect">User management</a>.
</p><p>O seu novo sistema base de Parabola é agora un entorno GNU funcional: pode continuar en <a href="/index.php?title=Beginners%27_Guide/Extra_(Galego)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beginners' Guide/Extra (Galego) (page does not exist)">Guía para Principiantes/Extra</a> para coñecer suxerencias de personalización.
</p>
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